[1]贾 蒙,李方晖,闫士展,等.能量平衡视域下运动对进化失配性疾病的影响[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2026,49(02):132-144.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4616.2026.02.013]
　Jia Meng,Li Fanghui,Yan Shizhan,et al.The Impact of Exercise on Evolutionary Mismatch Diseases from the Perspective of Energy Balance[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2026,49(02):132-144.[doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4616.2026.02.013]
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能量平衡视域下运动对进化失配性疾病的影响()

《南京师大学报（自然科学版）》[ISSN:1001-4616/CN:32-1239/N]

卷:
49
期数:
2026年02期
页码:
132-144
栏目:
体育学
出版日期:
2026-04-10

文章信息/Info

Title:
The Impact of Exercise on Evolutionary Mismatch Diseases from the Perspective of Energy Balance
文章编号:
1001-4616(2026)02-0132-13
作者:
贾 蒙1; 2; 3; 李方晖1; 闫士展2; 倪品诗1; 何茄菡1; 崔艳晨3
1.南京师范大学体育科学学院,江苏 南京 210033
2.江苏省体育科学研究所,江苏 南京 210046
3.南阳师范学院体育学院 河南 南阳 473061
Author(s):
Jia Meng1; 2; 3; Li Fanghui1; Yan Shizhan2; Ni Pinshi1; He Jiahan1; Cui Yanchen3
1.School of Physical Education and Sports Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210033,China
2.Jiangsu Institute of Sports Science,Nanjing 210046,China
3.School of Physical Education,Nanyang Normal University,Nanyang 473061,China
关键词:
能量平衡; 进化; 失配性疾病; 运动
Keywords:
energy balance;  evolution;  mismatch diseases;  exercise
分类号:
G804.2; R339.3
DOI:
10.3969/j.issn.1001-4616.2026.02.013
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
进化失配性疾病的全球大流行,本质上反映了人类在漫长进化过程中形成的能量代谢机制与现代社会高热量摄入-低身体活动生活方式之间的不匹配. 本文基于能量平衡理论视角,系统阐述失配性假说的核心内涵,回顾从史前狩猎-采集时代到工业社会的生活方式变迁,重点分析能量摄入与消耗之间长期失衡如何通过脂肪异位沉积、细胞信号紊乱等路径诱发的多种慢性代谢疾病. 在此基础上,进一步整合进化生物学与代谢生理学的研究成果,指出体育运动是重建能量稳态、干预失配性疾病的重要手段. 短期运动可迅速激活脂肪氧化与糖代谢通路,快速改善能量赤字; 长期规律运动则可以重塑线粒体功能、提高胰岛素敏感性、优化神经内分泌调控网络,从而减缓或逆转慢性代谢性疾病的进程. 然而,当前运动干预仍面临个体生理异质性显著、行为依从性差等现实挑战. 综上,本文强调进化-环境-行为-代谢的多层次干预模型,将进化医学维度纳入慢性病防控指南,为有效应对失配性疾病提供科学依据与可持续解决方案.
Abstract:
The global pandemic of evolutionary mismatch diseases essentially reflects the mismatch between the energy metabolism mechanisms that humans developed during their long evolutionary process and the modern lifestyle characterized by high-calorie intake and low physical activity. From the perspective of energy balance theory, this paper systematically expounds the core connotation of the mismatch hypothesis, reviews the changes in lifestyle from the prehistoric hunting-gathering era to the industrial society, and focuses on analyzing how the long-term imbalance between energy intake and expenditure induces a variety of chronic metabolic diseases through pathways such as ectopic fat deposition and cellular signal disorders. On this basis, by further integrating the research findings of evolutionary biology and metabolic physiology, it is pointed out that physical exercise is an important means to rebuild energy homeostasis and intervene in mismatch diseases. Short-term exercise can rapidly activate fat oxidation and glucose metabolism pathways, and quickly improve energy deficit; long-term regular exercise can reshape mitochondrial function, improve insulin sensitivity, and optimize the neuroendocrine regulatory network, thereby slowing down or reversing the progression of chronic metabolic diseases. However, current exercise interventions still face practical challenges such as significant individual physiological heterogeneity and poor behavioral compliance. In summary, this paper emphasizes a multi-level intervention model of evolution-environment-behavior-metabolism, incorporates the dimension of evolutionary medicine into chronic disease prevention and control guidelines, and provides a scientific basis and sustainable solutions for effectively addressing mismatch diseases.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期:2025-11-23.
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(32371180)、河南省教育厅资助性计划项目(2026-ZZJH-294)、河南省体育局规划项目(202515)、南阳师范学院博士研究专项项目(252015B).
通讯作者:李方晖,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向:运动人体科学. E-mail:12356@njnu.edu.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2026-04-10